Policy Recommendations to Address Conflict Minerals and Supply Chain Challenges in the DRC

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) supplies critical minerals for clean energy and defense, but ongoing conflict and illicit trade threaten global supply chains and U.S. interests. To address these challenges, a coordinated strategy across Congress, the Executive Branch, and states is essential. Congress should fund governance programs, expand sanctions on conflict mineral networks, and prioritize conflict-free procurement, while the Executive Branch enforces sanctions, issues due diligence guidance, and mobilizes development agencies. States can adopt responsible procurement policies and align with automakers to ensure compliance. This unified approach will secure supply chains, support peace, and align national security with ethical trade.

Coordinated action across federal and state government levels is critical to stabilize DRC mineral supply chains and promote peace. Congress must fund governance and justice programs, expand sanctions, and prioritize verified conflict-free minerals in federal procurement, leveraging the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation and Export-Import Bank to boost allied refining. The Executive Branch should enforce sanctions, provide clear due diligence guidelines, and appoint a senior envoy to coordinate diplomacy and private sector engagement. States should adopt conflict-free procurement policies, encourage pension fund due diligence, and align with automakers on compliance. This strategy mitigates supply disruptions, reduces costs, and ensures ethical sourcing amid escalating conflict and Foreign Entity of Concern (FEOC) rules.

By enforcing policy with decisive action, the U.S. can secure critical mineral supplies, advance human rights, and strengthen economic resilience. A focused approach—combining sanctions, traceability, and diplomacy—will disrupt funding for armed groups, protect legitimate commerce, and support Congolese communities. Clear directives will help U.S. firms meet legal and tax incentive requirements, while state-level efforts amplify compliance. Swift, cohesive action ensures reliable minerals for clean energy and defense, positioning the U.S. as a leader in ethical trade while fostering stability and dignity in the DRC.